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This Data Studio Package helps humanitarian organizations, governments, and researchers access landslide monitoring and risk reduction tools. It contains:
Datasets: global rainfall, DEMs, soils, and landslide inventories
Dashboards: global and regional portals for near-real-time landslide monitoring
Case Studies: examples from Asia, Africa, and the Americas
How-To Guidance: step-by-step workflows for operational use in humanitarian contexts
The package is designed for users with different technical capacities, ranging from community responders checking hazard maps to technical teams integrating multiple datasets into early warning workflows.
Following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake and its aftershocks, researchers mapped 23,439 landslides using high-resolution satellite imagery (SPOT-6/7, Landsat-8, and PlanetScope). These polygons formed the foundation for a multi-model GIS susceptibility analysis. Terrain layers such as slope, aspect, curvature, elevation, and proximity to faults were derived from SRTM DEM, while lithology, land cover (MODIS), and rainfall data supported environmental conditioning.
Three models were built and compared:
Susceptibility maps were validated using ROC curves and field inventory points. Results guided district-level reconstruction zoning and slope management in earthquake-affected mountain corridors.
Post-disaster landslide mapping used multi-temporal optical satellite imagery (FORMOSAT-2, SPOT-5, ASTER) captured pre- and post-Morakot. Landslide scars were extracted using NDVI differencing, supervised classification, and manual interpretation for large failures. GIS layers such as rainfall intensity (from TRMM), elevation/slope (SRTM), and lithology supported analysis of spatial patterns. The wall-to-wall approach quantified total landslide area, clustering along steep river valleys, and enabled comparison with historical typhoon events. These insights helped refine Taiwan’s rainfall-based early-warning thresholds.
Landslides around Mt. Elgon were mapped through field GPS inventories, high-resolution imagery, and Google Earth interpretation. GIS layers including slope, elevation, rainfall, soil texture, and distance from rivers/roads were derived from SRTM DEM, FAO soils, and CHIRPS rainfall. A Weights-of-Evidence statistical model generated susceptibility maps at micro-watershed scale. Outputs were used for school-siting decisions, DRR planning, and community early-warning programs by local authorities.
This long-moving landslide north of Addis Ababa was assessed using Sentinel-1 InSAR to measure cm-scale deformation, Sentinel-2 optical imagery for scar mapping, and SRTM/ALOS DEMs for geomorphologic characterization. InSAR time-series (SBAS) revealed slope movement patterns, while GIS-based FR and Logistic Regression models produced susceptibility maps showing controls from lithology, slope, and groundwater. Findings informed road realignment and hazard monitoring.
Researchers used Sentinel-1 SAR backscatter, Sentinel-1 InSAR coherence loss, Sentinel-2 optical imagery, and PlanetScope time series to map thousands of rainfall-triggered scars. Ancillary layers (soil moisture, slope angle, geology, land cover change) were integrated in GIS to understand terrain drivers. The multi-sensor approach enabled detailed mapping despite persistent cloud cover, providing a model for responding to rapid, high-casualty landslides in densely populated mountain cities.
What it is: An interactive web platform showing global landslide reports from NASA’s Global Landslide Catalog (GLC), enriched with citizen-science reports (COOLR project). Includes filters by date, location, trigger (rainfall, earthquake, construction), and event size.
How to use in humanitarian workflows:
What it is: The Landslide Hazard Assessment for Situational Awareness (LHASA) provides near-real-time global nowcasts, combining satellite rainfall (GPM IMERG) with static susceptibility factors (slope, land cover, soil). Updated daily at ~1 km resolution.
How to use in humanitarian workflows:
What it is: A risk-exploration tool for non-specialists, summarizing probabilistic hazard levels (low, medium, high, very high) for 196 countries. Provides recommendations on planning, design, and DRR measures for each hazard type, including landslides.
How to use in humanitarian workflows:
Authoritative NASA inventory of reported rainfall-triggered landslides, compiled from media, scientific reports, and citizen science (COOLR). Attributes include location, date, trigger, fatalities, and notes.
License: Open Data (CC-BY requested for attribution).
Use Case:
Basic or No Technical Skills: Explore interactive map to see if your region has historical landslide hotspots.
Technical & Research Teams: Download CSV/Shapefile for GIS analysis, hotspot validation, and rainfall-threshold calibration.
Digitized landslide polygons, points, and susceptibility layers produced by USGS and partners.
Some datasets are downloadable via state geological surveys.
Use Case:
Provides high-resolution landslide mapping, damage delineation, and risk assessments after activation.
Copernicus EMS Mapping Portal
Requires activation request (typically by national civil protection or humanitarian partners).
Use Case:
Response: Rapid landslide footprint maps after major disasters (e.g., Italy, PNG, Balkans).
Recovery: Basis for reconstruction planning and exposure validation.
Foundational DEM for slope, aspect, curvature—critical conditioning factors for landslide susceptibility.
USGS EarthExplorer → search “SRTM” by AOI.
Also available in Google Earth Engine (USGS/SRTMGL1_003).
Use Case:
Basic: View slope maps in QGIS/Google Earth.
Advanced Teams: Generate susceptibility factors for GIS/ML models.
SoilGrids portal → WMS/WCS services or raster downloads.
Use Case:
Research and Technical Teams: Add soil layers to susceptibility modeling.
Recovery: Assess soil cohesion/erodibility for slope stabilization planning.
Infrastructure exposure data useful for proximity analysis (roads at risk of blockage, buildings in hazard zones).
Geofabrik downloads → regional shapefiles.
Use Case:
Response: Identify blocked road segments in landslide-prone valleys.
Recovery: Prioritize reconstruction of at-risk infrastructure.
IMERG provides half‑hourly global rainfall estimates to detect intense rainbursts and track storms upstream of flood‑prone basins. Use Early/Late for real‑time monitoring and simple operational triggers (e.g., “>50 mm in 24 h in Basin X”), and Final for after‑action analyses and threshold tuning. Pair with SMAP soil moisture to adjust alert thresholds based on antecedent wetness. Create simple color‑ramp maps to brief non‑technical stakeholders on where heavy rain is accumulating.
SMAP shows how wet the ground already is, which strongly affects flash‑flood likelihood and runoff response. When soils are saturated, lower rainfall can still produce dangerous floods; when soils are dry, the same rain may pose less risk. Use SMAP as a context layer to adjust rainfall‑based alert thresholds and prioritize field checks. It also supports landslide susceptibility screening in steep terrain when combined with slope and rainfall.
NASADEM is a globally available elevation model commonly used to derive slope, aspect, curvature, flow accumulation, and other terrain variables that strongly influence landslide susceptibility and runout pathways.
Find “NASADEM” in Earthdata Search and download tiles covering the AOI. Most users preprocess into slope and curvature layers once, then reuse those layers across all landslide workflows.
CHIRPS provides long-running, station-blended rainfall estimates designed for hazards, food security, and drought monitoring. It is useful for landslides when you need rainfall accumulation baselines and historical thresholds in regions where near-real-time products may be noisy or where long records matter.
CHIRPS can be downloaded from CHC distribution portals and is also widely available in analysis platforms (cloud catalogs and geospatial toolchains). For landslides, it is often used to compute multi-day and seasonal rainfall percentiles for local threshold setting.
ERA5-Land provides physically consistent land-surface variables (including precipitation forcing inputs and soil layer variables) at high temporal frequency. It is commonly used to fill gaps, compute antecedent wetness indicators, and support basin-scale landslide screening when satellite-only inputs are insufficient.
Access through the CDS web interface or CDS API after creating a CDS account and accepting the license terms. Typical landslide use is to pull time series for the AOI, compute rolling rainfall totals and simple soil wetness indicators, then fuse with susceptibility layers.
Audience: Local disaster managers, NGO staff, field coordinators, community leaders, and operations teams who can use a web browser and basic spreadsheets.
Deploy time: ~1–2 hours initial setup, then 10–15 minutes per day during heavy rain periods.
Prerequisites: Web browser, a simple logging tool (Google Sheet or Excel), and a communication channel (email list, WhatsApp group, SMS tree, radio contact).
Data & Tools:
Define the Area of Interest and what “actionable” means. Write down the exact geography the team cares about (districts, watersheds, corridors, camps, road segments). Then define one or two triggers that will prompt action. Keep them operational, not scientific. Examples: “Any high landslide hazard pixels overlapping a main road corridor we supply” or “High hazard clusters upstream of known debris-flow channels.” LHASA is intended for situational awareness, so triggers should lead to a check, not an automatic public warning.
Check the LHASA nowcast and interpret what it is telling you. Open LHASA and zoom to the Area of Interest. LHASA produces near-real-time global nowcasts at about 1 km resolution and updates daily. It combines satellite rainfall with static susceptibility factors like slope, land cover, and soil to estimate where rainfall-triggered landslides are more likely. Treat it as “conditions are favorable here,” not “a landslide happened here.”
Focus on clusters, not single pixels. In practice, single isolated pixels can be noisy. Look for contiguous clusters of higher hazard. When a cluster overlaps steep terrain and sits above known communities, roads, or rivers, it is more actionable.
Cross-check recent reports in the NASA Landslide Viewer. Open the NASA Landslide Viewer and scan for recent reports in and around the Area of Interest. Use it to answer two questions: “Have there been recent landslides nearby?” and “Are there known recurring locations?” This also helps with trust-building: if LHASA highlights a region and reports are appearing there during a rainy spell, teams learn what “high risk” looks like locally.
Log the daily assessment in a simple, consistent way. Use a table with columns like: Date | AOI | LHASA signal (none, moderate, high) | Location notes | Exposure notes (roads, villages, facilities) | Action taken | Follow-up owner. The goal is repeatability and institutional memory.
Send an internal “watch note” when triggers are met. Keep the message short and consistent: where, why it is flagged, what should be checked, and when the next update will happen. Include a screenshot or a link to the dashboard view if possible.
Outputs: A routine landslide watch process, a daily log of conditions, and a short internal watch note template.
Validation & QA: Every 2–4 weeks, compare watch notes to what actually happened (news reports, partner reports, road closures). Adjust triggers if the team is over-alerting or missing events. Track a simple metric like “How many high-hazard days led to verified impacts in our AOI?”
Maintenance: Update the AOI list and exposure priorities quarterly. Refresh contacts and escalation paths before rainy seasons.
Risks & Considerations:
False confidence: A “low” nowcast does not mean “safe.” Local failures can occur at small scales that 1 km products will not resolve.
Misinterpretation: Hazard nowcasts are about likelihood, not confirmation. Always label internal notes as “elevated conditions” unless confirmed by field reports.
Audience: Small GIS teams, GIS generalists, and researchers supporting response and preparedness.
Deploy time: ~1 day to build a reusable project template, then 45–90 minutes per priority AOI during an event.
Prerequisites: QGIS, basic GIS skills (clip, buffer, raster styling, joins), and ability to download datasets.
Data & Tools:
Start with a saved QGIS template project. Create a project with your admin boundaries, key settlements, critical sites, and a base map. Add empty groups labeled Terrain, Rainfall, Susceptibility, Exposure, Outputs. Save as a reusable template.
Use the DEM to identify steep, landslide-prone terrain. Load the SRTM DEM and generate a slope raster (QGIS Raster Terrain Analysis tools). Slope is not “a landslide map,” but it is a reliable first screen. Style slope into a few classes so steep bands are obvious. The practical interpretation step is visual: identify steep corridors above roads, rivers, and settlements where slope failures can impact access and safety.
Add rainfall and interpret it as a trigger layer. Bring in a rainfall product for the event window. CHIRPS is a common daily rainfall layer for monitoring sustained wet periods; IMERG can provide more frequent estimates for short intense bursts. In QGIS, calculate and map rolling totals such as 1-day and 3-day accumulation for the AOI. Interpretation rule of thumb: short intense totals can trigger rapid failures; multi-day accumulation increases saturation and can lead to broader slope instability. The key is to map where rainfall is concentrated on steep terrain, not just where rainfall is high.
Use soils and land cover as context, not precision truth. Add SoilGrids or HWSD layers and style them lightly. The goal is not to infer geotechnical properties from global datasets, but to provide context such as “areas with different soil types” that may respond differently to prolonged rainfall. Similarly, land cover helps distinguish forested slopes from highly disturbed or built slopes where runoff and instability patterns differ.
Bring in a landslide inventory to sanity-check hotspots. Load the Global Landslide Catalog and any national inventories available. Use them in two ways: confirm known recurring zones, and avoid wasting time on areas that never show historical activity unless exposure is extreme.
Add exposure and produce an “impact-focused” output. Pull roads, buildings, and facilities from OpenStreetMap. Create a simple risk mask by selecting the steep terrain zones and intersecting them with the highest rainfall zones. Buffer that mask upslope of roads and around settlements that sit below steep terrain. Then count and list: road segments intersecting the mask, settlements within the buffer, and any critical facilities. This produces a practical “what may be impacted” view.
Outputs: A situation map showing steep terrain, event rainfall accumulation, and exposed assets; plus a short table of priority road segments and communities.
Validation & QA: Confirm projections and units before buffering. Spot-check if the steep zones align with real terrain. Compare inventory points with your “risk mask” to see if the approach is behaving sensibly.
Maintenance: Keep the QGIS template and base layers updated. Re-run the workflow during every major rainfall spell so the team builds intuition and consistency.
Risks & Considerations:
Resolution mismatch: Rainfall grids and 30 m DEMs do not capture micro-topography, and global soils are generalized. Use them for screening and prioritization, not parcel-scale decisions.
Inventory bias: Landslide catalogs often over-represent areas with better reporting. Do not treat “no points” as “no risk.”
Audience: Technical GIS and data teams that can run Python notebooks and manage basic automation.
Deploy time: ~1–2 weeks for a working pilot in one country or basin, then incremental improvements.
Prerequisites: Google Colab or a local Python environment, ability to manage API keys where needed, basic raster handling, and a notification method (email, Slack webhook, or SMS provider).
Data & Tools:
Create a new Colab notebook and make the AOI explicit. Start by defining the AOI as a GeoJSON polygon, plus a small configuration block with: AOI name, event window (1-day, 3-day), rainfall trigger thresholds, slope threshold, and alert recipients. Keep configuration separate so non-developers can change thresholds without touching logic.
Pull rainfall time series and compute trigger metrics. Use an accessible source for IMERG and CHIRPS. A practical pattern is to use Google Earth Engine datasets for these products so you can request only the AOI and date range, then export daily summaries. Compute:
1-day total rainfall
3-day rolling total
optionally a percentile relative to the last few years of CHIRPS for “unusual wetness”
Interpretation: the 1-day metric captures intense bursts, the 3-day metric captures saturation. Use both so the system does not fire only on storms or only on slow wet spells.
Apply a terrain screen so triggers focus on plausible slope failure zones. Use SRTM or NASADEM and generate a slope mask for the AOI. In the notebook, compute the percent of the AOI that is both steep and above the rainfall threshold. This prevents alerts that are driven by rainfall over flat floodplains rather than hillslopes.
Turn triggers into a ranked “where to look first” list. Split the AOI into grid cells or admin units, compute rainfall totals per unit, and rank them. Attach simple exposure tags by intersecting the ranked units with OpenStreetMap roads and settlements so the output is actionable.
Automate alert delivery, not just risk scoring. When a trigger is met, generate:
a short text alert (AOI, date/time window, top 3 locations, why it triggered)
a small CSV attachment with ranked units and metrics
optionally a static map image exported from Earth Engine or a lightweight web map link
Send it automatically by email (SMTP), Slack webhook, or another channel the organization already uses. The alert should include a timestamp and the metric values that caused it, so recipients can trust and audit the system later.
Add SAR confirmation for high-priority triggers. When a trigger is severe or affects critical assets, pull Sentinel-1 scenes before and after the rainfall window. Use ASF search to identify suitable acquisitions. For a fast workflow, submit a HyP3 job to generate a product that helps detect surface change. Then overlay the SAR-derived layer in QGIS with roads and settlements to identify likely failure corridors. SAR can help when clouds block optical imagery.
Optionally tune thresholds with light ML using historical events. Use historical landslide points (Global Landslide Catalog and national inventories) to label days and locations as event or non-event, then fit a simple model that maps rainfall and terrain metrics to a probability score. Keep it interpretable and basin-specific so the team can explain why it fired.
Outputs: An automated trigger system that sends alerts with ranked locations, and a confirmation workflow using SAR for severe triggers.
Validation & QA: Track every alert and whether it corresponded to reported impacts. Maintain a confusion matrix by basin and season. Review false alerts and missed events monthly, then adjust thresholds or add a second condition.
Maintenance: Monitor data pulls and automate failure notifications if data is missing. Refresh thresholds annually and after major climate regime shifts.
Risks & Considerations:
Rainfall uncertainty: Satellite rainfall has bias, especially in complex terrain. Using both IMERG and CHIRPS helps, but it will not eliminate uncertainty.
SAR interpretation: Change signals can include agriculture, moisture, and other surface changes. Use it to prioritize field checks, not to declare confirmed landslides without corroboration.
