Lifelines Data Series

Landslide Risk and MonitoringData Studio Package

Last Updated - July 9, 2026
Prepared by: NASA Lifelines (Barira Rashid)

This page is a practical, applied data studio package for developing landslide risk monitoring and mapping workflows, specifically for humanitarian emergency preparedness and response to events within international settings. It combines datasets relevant to landslide hazard and exposure (rainfall, digital elevation models, soils, and landslide inventories), up-to-date population and geospatial datasets (e.g., precipitation, terrain, soil moisture) and imagery to give an emergency responder a one-stop location to find datasets, dashboards, case studies, and how-to guidance most relevant to their use case(s), with a specific focus on rainfall-triggered and terrain-driven landslide hazards.

This data studio focuses on generalized landslide susceptibility, rainfall-based triggering conditions, and near-real-time nowcasting/detection, with guidance on data limitations and integration with complementary hazard, infrastructure, and rapid-mapping systems, and prioritizes the protection of at-risk populations through the implementation of early warning workflows, susceptibility and exposure mapping, and intervention targeting (e.g., evacuation planning, shelter siting, road-access prioritization). Built for humanitarian responders, disaster risk reduction (DRR) and civil protection actors, GIS and technical data teams, and researchers.

These datasets are primarily linked to the systemic risk definition defined in the IPCC's 2021 report: "the potential for adverse consequences for human or ecological systems, arising from the interaction of climate-related hazards, exposure, and vulnerability." This allows us to assess landslide risk using remotely-sensed datasets, combining terrain-based susceptibility (slope, elevation, soils) with rainfall-based hazard triggers (satellite precipitation, soil moisture) and exposure layers (roads, settlements, critical facilities).

Landslide Basics

What is a landslide? A landslide is the downslope movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth under the force of gravity. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," and can move anywhere from inches per year to speeds faster than a person can run. Learn more: USGS – What is a Landslide and What Causes One?

What causes landslides? Most damaging landslides are triggered by one or more of the following: slope saturation by water (intense rainfall, snowmelt, or rising groundwater), earthquakes, and human modification of slopes (excavation, deforestation, construction). Learn more: USGS – Landslide Basics

Types of landslides Landslides are classified by the type of material involved (rock, debris, or earth) and the mode of movement:

  • Falls: abrupt, free-falling or bouncing movement of rock or debris detached from a steep slope or cliff (e.g., rockfalls).
  • Topples: forward rotation of a mass of rock or earth about a pivot point below or low in the unit.
  • Slides: mass movement along a defined surface of rupture, including rotational slides (curved failure surface) and translational slides (movement along a roughly planar surface), such as block slides.
  • Spreads: lateral extension of a coherent mass over a liquefied or plastic layer, typically on gentle slopes or flat terrain.
  • Flows: rapid movement of a slurry of soil, rock, and water, including debris flows (commonly called mudflows or mudslides) and earthflows.

For a full visual breakdown of each type: USGS – Types of Landslides (diagram)

For a lay-audience deep dive covering causes, effects, and classification in detail: USGS – Landslide Types and Processes (Fact Sheet 2004-3072)

Best Practices

Humanitarian situations are immensely complex, fast-moving situations where utilized datasets and the underlying context often changes depending on the situation.

Below, we have highlighted some best practices for how to utilize these datasets, grouped by the time period to be used:

Time periodActions to be taken
Either before an emergency occurs, or before the user goes to an emergency situation• Ensure that the common operational datasets are available.

• Users should prioritize anticipatory action when possible and consider how integrating satellite data and tools (e.g., LHASA nowcasts, rainfall thresholds) can help inform new or existing action plans. This means having a pre-agreed trigger, pre-agreed activity, and pre-arranged funding available. Review the case studies for more information.

• Obtain access to the terrain, soils, and rainfall datasets for the area of interest.

• Have API access or downloaded static datasets (e.g., DEM, soils, road/infrastructure layers) available ahead of time.

During the emergency situation itself• Ensure that up-to-date information about landslide events and impacts is collected by stakeholders and shared with your group.

• Ensure that data pipelines or consistent downloads of more dynamic datasets (e.g., near-real-time rainfall, soil moisture, SAR-based change detection) are made available.

Additional Opportunities/Training Links

This is not an exhaustive list of training opportunities, but are potential mechanisms to obtain training in EO implementation for landslide risk. Please reach out to the team if you have additional suggestions!

Additional Resources / Research Literature

  • NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Landslide Search: A searchable index of NASA technical reports, conference papers, and research related to landslides. Useful for technical teams or researchers looking for NASA-affiliated literature and methods beyond the case studies and trainings listed above.

Case Studies

See how organizations have applied Earth observation data and geospatial technologies to address this use case.

Tools and Platforms

Explore the operational tools, platforms, dashboards, and web applications built to support monitoring, analysis, and decision-making for this use case.

Data Assets

A curated set of remote sensing, environmental, and socioeconomic datasets to support analyses and build workflows for this use case.

How-To

Step-by-step tutorials and technical workflows for accessing data, conducting analyses, and developing applications for this use case.

Contributors

NASA Lifelines (Barira Rashid)